Aussies and Kiwis sampling Dutch broadband (9)

When you think about Australia and New-Zealand you think about cities and farming, especially with the New Zealand lambs. Talking about broadband, you start wondering how the Aussies and Kiwis tackle such a problem. Are they going to upgrade the fixed line to the farm or are they going to roll-out fibre to the farm (FttF). Of course they also could think of wireless or combinations of fixed line networks and wireless, while WIMAX is still in the wings.

The subject was not treated in one of the presentations, but Mr Jaap van Till, professor at Amsterdam University mentioned that his students were studying the development of a farmers’ network. They have been busy doing inventories. They met great enthusiasm not just with the farmers, but also with entrepreneurs who have remodelled the farm houses to recreation farms or shops and consultancies. The need for broadband is as great as in cities.

However, there are practical problems with laying fibre networks to the farms. The distance from the major backbones will make it costly connections as digging has to be done over a long distance. But one of the suggestions from the farmers is that they start digging the trenches themselves. They have the digging equipment and the experience. Besides in woody areas one of the solutions is to lay fibre through the Trees (FttT).

The project Fibre to the Farm has not been launched officially yet; it is still under study. But the prospects look good.

Blog Posting Number: 700

Tags: broadband, wireless

Aussies and Kiwis sampling Dutch broadband (8)

Cisco was the host for the Australian and New Zealand Trade Mission in Amsterdam. And out of courtesy Cisco was put on the program to say something about the company. And I - thought that we were going to hear a lot about the boxes they sell. But the Cisco representative Mr Nicola Villa, director public sector; Internet Solutions Group of Cisco Systems International, had a surprising story.

He started from the broadband end. He distinguished three phase in the development of broadband:
- backbone focus with connectivity problems;
- access focus with upgrades to Fibre to the Home and wireless;
- content services focus with the scaling up of services.
Geographically phase 1 takes place in Catalunya (Spain), Italy and Greece. An exception to this situation in Italy is FastWeb in Milan, which offers access services to 0,5 million users: internet; soccer and sports; video surveillance. In the Netherlands we are moving from the access focus to content services. Stockholm (Sweden) has reached phase 3 and is working on financial sound, social and sustainable content services.

Presently Cisco finds itself in phase 3 and is developing content services and other services in the field of mobility, technology and environment. Cisco wants to use broadband to solve environmental problems. To that end Cisco has associated itself with the Clinton Global Initiative, connecting urban development with environment. One of the initiatives is the carbon to collaboration program. Cisco has set 20 million US dollar apart for 5 years to reduce carbon in the cities of Amsterdam, Seoul and Los Angeles. Cisco aims at reducing 60 percent of the carbon output it produces amongst others with travelling. For this reason it has developed its tele-presence solution, which eyes like you have all the people in the meeting on the same table. At the same time the company will invest 20 million US dollar in collaborative software to make tele-working more effective.

The idea of the program is to reduce energy consumption. Together with the municipality of Amsterdam an attempt will be made to empty six buildings by an integrated policy of nomadic working (working at home or at tele-presence centres, traffic management, using public transport, smart communities and new urban business. In Singapore every car has a RFID used for road charging, but also congestion. In Paris Public transport is using wifi to optimise the use of buses. And there are more green models under development, which move from a centralised to a distributed situation. Problem is often that governance is missing. Once projects in the Clinton Global Initiative are working, they will be copied to other cities.

Blog Posting Number: 699

Tags: broadband, environment, RFIDbroadband, environment, RFID

Aussies and Kiwis sampling Dutch broadband (7)

=====================================
Now there are three presentations available about:
- Amsterdam Internet Exchange
- Amsterdam CityNet
- Almere Smart City
The presentations can viewed and downloaded from
Budde.Com.AU website
=====================================

(c) Elaine Sullivan

As said before education is one of the key areas in broadband development. It was interesting to hear Mr Toine Maes, managing director of KennisNet (Knowledge Net/ ICT at School). It is an ICT support organisation with 160 FTE and a budget of 35 to 40 million euro. The organisation exists since 1997.

He immediately put down a statement: it will take three to five years to marry broadband and education. This was rather a shock. But he made clear that educational models change due to broadband. Of course broadband is fine for the teacher to select resources for the classes. Yet the educational model will change to the learner’s model, where by the pupil goes after learning resources.

Another reason why it will take long before broadband will be accepted in school is the present acceptance of computer in schools. Pupils might play till the moment that they go to school in the morning and start again when they arrive at home again. But at school they will not use these media for a lot of different reasons. So for the pupils and teachers it is difficult to make a total shift.

Primary schools have now roughly 30 to 40 PCs per school. The telecom company KPN provides 75 percent of the 8.500 schools with broadband connections of 2Mbps. There are 750 primary schools using fibre up to 100Mbps.

That broadband has the potential to shake up education is clear. It creates unlimited access to learning. Pupils use already resources YouTube, Delicious, Wikipedia, Flickr and Friendster. Comparable to this the educational broadcast company Teleac has developed Teleblik, a collection of contemporary and historic resources from the archives of the public broadcast companies and Polygoon Journal. It contains thousands of hours, from full programs to custom made fragments of a few minutes. The teachers can use the material to spice their lessons, while pupils can discover subjects. Besides these audio and video resources, a distant expert is needed, who can be called upon when a pupil gets stuck.

It is clear that education is on the move and that the basic position in The Netherlands is not bad. Yet innovation is slow and broadband innovation in education will take up to five years. Yet broadband and education are really closely related. Most challenging will be an innovative cooperation project by which pupils create content by themselves.

Blog Posting Number: 698

Tags: broadband, education

Aussies and Kiwis sampling Dutch broadband (4)

On March 13, 2007 the Australian and New Zealand trade delegation had a day full of lectures. One of the lectures was about the future All-IP network of KPN and the regulatory challenges for the telecom watchdog OPTA.

The Netherlands is on top the listings concerning broadband penetration in the homes. And at a reasonable price due to the competition. Cable networks cover 94 percent of the country, while the telephone network covers 99 percent. The telephone network infrastructure is run by the incumbent KPN telecom company. Some DSL operators have their own networks, but 50 to 70 percent of the DSL operators have to rent local loops. There are 5 million broadband connections in the Netherlands of which 60 percent are DSL connections, of which 10 percent is non KPN, and 40 percent cable connections. There are about 40+ local initiatives with Fibre to the Home (FttH). There are now half a million homes connected with FttH, mostly student houses.

The environment in The Netherlands has grown competitive. KPN lost 0,56 million access lines last year. Voice over broadband overtook the plain old telephone system. Digital television is already in 25 percent o the 6,9 households. Triple play offers are made by the telecom companies like KPN and Tele-2, by the cable companies and by private FttH operators. Unbundling (ULL) has been operative since 2000 based on the principles of access, prices, transparency, non-discrimination, accounting and separation.

So you might think that the Dutch have it all under control. But KPN surprised the telecom, cable and FttH market in 2005 by announcing a national All-IP network. This would entail that the layer of all exchanges, including the rented spaces and equipment of the DSL operators, would be taken out and the fibre network will be linked to 28.000 street cabinets. The bandwidth would be upgraded to 50Mbps and up to 100 Mbps for business. KPN would make an investment of 0,9 billion euro. But the exchanges/MDF locations would give KPN a return of 1 billion euro. The roll out will start in 2007 and the network needs to be finished by 2010. For KPN it means that it can phase out the present technology, which is at the end of its cycle, and start competing with the cable operators.

The challenge for the regulator is of course in the fact that KPN start to dominate the playing field and starts changing the business cases of the DSL and FttH operators. The New Generation Network (NGN) requires another regulatory environment than the good old legacy regulation. Of course the NGN might also move to a duopoly.

The NGN is now under study with the telecom watchdog OPTA. Basic principle is that KPN has the freedom to upgrade the network and terminate the exchanges and MDF model. Replacing the MDF model would be a sub loop unbundling (SLU). But KPN has not yet suggested any rules or prices. OPTA hopes that the draft decisions are available by the second quarter of 2007.

The question was put in by some delegates why KPN would put in an All-IP network. Was it just replacing technology at zero cost or was it to shake up the competition in the telecom and sector? Not a few delegates and visitors were inclined to guess that it was the competition argument.

Blog Posting Number: 695

Tags: New Generation Network, All-IP network, DSL, broadband, Fibre to the Home, cable

Aussies and Kiwis sampling Dutch broadband (3)

The delegates of the Australian and New Zealand trade mission have gone their own way now. A small group visited the broadcast hotspot of Nuenen in the South of the Netherlands. One of the delegates went on to Stockholm; another one went to Manchester in the UK, while other moved on to the CeBIT fair in Germany. And the civil servants in the trade mission went to The Hague to consult with their Dutch counterparts.

(c) Elaine Sullivan

But before they left Almere they went to visit the Hopling company for wireless communications. The company is three years old and employs some 60 people in Almere. It started out as a garage company, where young Ivo van Ling (see photograph) put together his first radio antenna. (The first antenna has been preserved in their company museum). The company has gone through a fast growth curve. It is of course not just the antennas that will sell the service. But it is the basic concept of hardware, software, communications and services like the managed services.

Australia is a very unbalance country demographically. The majority of the inhabitants live in the cities, which are located towards the edges of the continent. One would expect that the wireless services would be interesting to Australia given the size of the country and the amount of sparsely inhabited land. Wireless in the countryside could be an alternative for the costly broadband fixed lines. But so far the efforts have mostly been concentrated on wireless city networks such as Amsterdam and Zoetermeer in The Netherlands and Las Vegas in the USA as well as Abbotsford in Canada.

Hopling got started with KPN Hotspots, which has over 1000 nodes now. After that the networks were installed recreation park, gas stations and soccer stadiums like the Philips stadium in Eindhoven (PSV) and the Arena stadium in Amsterdam (Ajax). In Amsterdam hotspots have been installed, but also two hotzones by The Cloud. All the Dutch islands in The North of The Netherlands (Texel, Ameland, Schiermonnikoog) have been equipped with hotspots for tourists. And the city of Dokkum, where Christianity in The Netherlands was started by saint Boniface, has also been equipped.

Most interesting is of course to see other networks arise like on railway stations. The Dutch railway company has fitted out some 40 stations with hotspots; not just a wireless open Lan for the passengers, but also a secured LAN for their personnel to pass on the latest instructions and check the positions of the trains. For the narrowcasting company ON of Heineken, Hopling designed networks for bars and discos. One of their latest projects is the Streetlight Project of the city of Zoetermeer. The streetlight poles in Zoetermeer have two screens: a small one with a touch-screen streetmap and a larger one higher on the pole for advertising; also a wifi camera for public surveillance is attached. Interesting are also the mobile services provided to railway and bus companies. By gatewaying wireless networks into UMTS and HDSPA wifi access points can be created for using computers in the trains and busses.

Of course the state of art of WIMAX was discussed. Hopling is participating in the standardisation process and preparing itself for it. In the meantime it is expanding worldwide by co-operating with local representatives. The Australian and New Zealand delegates could start negotiating on the spot.

Blog Posting Number: 694

Tags:wifi, wireless, Wimax, broadband

Aussies and Kiwis sampling Dutch broadband (2)

(c) Elaine Sullivan

The trade Australian and New Zealand delegation went to Almere yesterday to hear more about broadband initiatives. Almere is my hometown so I was also eager to hear what is going on.

It was in October 1998 that I organised a review session for the European Commission in Almere. On the wave of internet the municipality had set up a Cyber Centre. But that year also the Institute of Information Engineering of the Amsterdam College was started. The European Union had at that time a programme Information Engineering and it looked a good idea to combine the review with the start of the new department. It gave the review team an opportunity to tell about the European Commission and the programme and it gave the municipality a chance to expose itself. Despite the horrible weather (perpetual rain and heavy winds) the event was success.

But in the meantime the town has moved on. Now the city is about 30 years old and has some 70.000 houses and almost 200.000 inhabitants. And the city still has to grow to 400.000 inhabitants. The space for building houses is there, but the city will have to be less dependent for labour on Amsterdam and Amsterdam Airport. In order to make the city attractive to live and work, there is now a programme Almere Smart City. The programme intends to streamline present situations, attract new high tech companies and make broadband access for business and residents.

The first phase is fully in swing. Computing and broadband activities of public institutes (municipalities, hospitals, health centres and schools) are being streamlined. The computer operation of Almere hospital has been re-designed and now there are two telephone lines instead of 300. And all the 35 health centres are linked to the hospital by broadband. For consultation with colleagues in Amsterdam medical consultants use conference systems, so that no travel is needed. Also in education there was a big change. All schools are now on broadband. There used to be a server park for the primary and secondary schools; this is now centralised and put into the hands of a professional organisation, using UNIX instead of Windows. By centralising, there is less down-time, as all the programs and the content is on a central computer. It saves schools paying for access and takes a lot of computer work out of the hands of teachers. Also the public library and the municipal offices have fibre connections to the backbone.

The key company for thinking up and executing these activities is Unet, a three year old company with 60 employees. They are a broadband company from day one and they demonstrate it. At their offices in the centre of Almere they have arranged a house of the future, fully equipped with all broadband gadgets possible and with Dutch design furniture. Broadband for this house of the future is all Ethernet based.

(c) Elaine Sullivan

Mr Frank Halsema of Almere Smart City explained that ICT was the driving force for Almere. Every four years a new program will be in force. This has been since 2001. The new plan till 2010 is very ambitious. Almere will work in the framework of the Northern Wing, cooperating especially with Amsterdam and Amsterdam Airport, an area with 1 million inhabitants. But as Amsterdam is growing to its limits, Almere can take over some spill functions and start some new initiatives. So it started up an internet exchange ALM-IX next to the AMS-IX. This has been a reason for Sara, the scientific computer centre, to move partly to Almere. But it also has attracted large data centres to the new town such as the European Service Innovation Centre and the Domestic Competence Centre in cooperation with TNO.

The Smart City programme is looking at creating new jobs in Almere. But it is also looking at keeping people from loosing time in traffic jams on their way to and from Amsterdam every day. One of the largest banks, ING, is starting up an ING Telework Centre.

Despite the fact that many new houses are built in Almere, not all new houses have broadband. But before 2010 all 70.000+ houses will have fibre. Presently 1500 houses and 500 companies have fibre connections. This was a pilot from 2003, which required 3,5 million euro. Wiring up all other houses in Almere will take another 80 million euro. An investor has been found to sink 40 percent of the sum in the project. The operator has been selected and the name will be announced in a couple of week; the name of KPN is rumoured.

From 2001 up till now the municipality of Almere has made an investment in broadband developments of 10 million euro. By now it has attracted a 200+ million euro in equity investment. Besides the city has saved itself 5 million euro in 5 years time by centralising the traffic for schools.

Almost 10 years later Almere has grown from a town into a city , but also from an Internet novice into a leader of high technology. And there is still more to come.

========================================
There are three presentations available:
- Amsterdam Internet Exchange;
- Amsterdam CityNet;
- Smart City Almere.
They van be viewed or downloaded from budde.com
=========================================

Blog Posting Number: 693

Tags: broadband

Connected by broadband, slow in applications (6)

E-Government is also a subject in the context of broadband. What can broadband contribute to e-Government? The Netherlands was in the forefront of e-Government years ago. The Internal Revenue Service has made great progress. But that is relatively easy as most of the correspondence is through forms. But communication with town hall is often either impossible or fragmented. And of course there are the famous myths about e-Government: you can apply for a passport through internet; try it. You will have to go to the town hall at least twice, if not more.
At the Meeting of Minds the themes for e-Government were ambitious. The Dutch government is loosing its contact with its citizen, if the service level will not be upscaled to 24/7 and virtual contact. The heart of the Netherlands delta between Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Utrecht is loosing its function as a national economic motor, eventually to be downsized in comparison to other European areas. There is a growing need for regional television, using digital TV, web TV or interactive TV. The level of service and provisions in rural villages and municipal disadvantaged areas takes on dramatic shape.






At the meeting officials were present of one of those rural villages, the municipality Aa en Hunze. The municipality has set up a project, Digitale Brink, which can be translated into English as the Digital Commons, the place where villagers meet.

The project is intended to upgrade the service level to the situation when the village still had a baker, butcher, grocer and a post office as well as primary and secondary schools. Also then the level of health care was intense. Now many of those shops have closed and factories have moved away. The schools have been merger in learning factories. And the level of health care has been downgraded.

With broadband the municipality wants to improve the level again and upgrade it to the urban levels. So the municipality will start a virtual counter for municipal affairs. The services will not be limited to just filling in forms and returning them to the civil servants. However they will also be able to ‘skype’ with or without a webcam with the citizen in order to deal directly with problems, requests and applications. The second area is health care. Here 80 care clients will experiment with television with webcam. Eventually 300 clients should be linked for health care issues, contact with medics and social contacts. The third area comprises the two schools in the municipality. They have to be more integrated with the community. Besides, after school activities should be better coordinated.

The project will take the shape of a public-private partnership, where the municipality and province will work side by side with private enterprise. ICT companies are very important in this project. But as one of the potential company representatives said: the technology is there, we can write the applications, but we will have to talk how we want to realise the goals.

Tags: e-democracy, broadband

Connected by broadband, slow in applications (5)

Health care is an area in the Netherlands which needs some shaking up. The health care sector is dominated by managers and not the ones who know much about ICT; many of the doctors do neither. Besides, the varying generations of computers and versions of operating software between general practitioners and medical consultants are hardly compatible. My last general practitioner still ran a patient administration under MS-DOS; this while Bill Gates has introduced Vista after Windows this week

So what can broadband do for the medical profession? Of course it is easy to think of the distribution of x-ray photographs to all the medical consultants. Broadband networks in the hospitals will speed up the medical processes and analyses. It is a pity that my friend Herman de Vos is not living anymore; he would have loved this time. He was one of the first medics I know which acquired a personal computer, an Apple in fact, and got music out of it and statements.

In The Netherlands one of the prominent issues is the Electronic Patient Dossier. There are two problems with it. The medics are not sure whether they want it; I personally think that they sabotage it (and one of the debaters, a medical consultant, stated that he could not work with such a file). I guess that it is partly a generation problem; on the other hand it is a medical chain problem due to the gaps. The other problem with the Electronic Patient Dossier lies with the patient. There are problems about privacy and about the patient taking care of the dossier. What can a patient remove in the Electronic Patient Dossier or ask to be removed? Some people carry their whole life a file with them, telling other medicine men that they are neurotic; this while they only begged to differ with the diagnosis of the general practitioner as they listened to their body or were just nervous.

I guess that we talk about Electronic Patient Dossiers in The Netherlands for more than 10 years and that nothing substantial came from it. Why should it come about now? Just because we have broadband. The KPN bright young manager Elco Blok was asked about the future. He indicated that the technology was there and that we should use it. However he did not indicate how we could change the culture of the medicine men. I guess that it will take another ten years before we will see the first substantial experiments with Electronic Patient Dossiers with patients carrying the dossier on a USB stick or an iPOD to the hospital, the general practitioner and the pharmacist.

During the debate Mr de Bruïne, the European Commission official addressing Societal Challenges, indicated that he was not impressed with the progress in The Netherlands in the medical field. He told about a medical case in Belgium, where patients are very efficiently ‘processed’ and get their treatment without long delays thanks to an efficient administration system.

Blog Posting Number: 655

Tags: e-health, broadband, electronic patient dossier e-health, broadband, electronic patient dossier

Connected by broadband, slow in applications (4)

I was eager to learn about the connection between broadband and education. The educational field has always been following. A lot of money has been pumped into the area, machines, devices, software and content. In The Netherlands we have a special network for schools, Kennisnet, for primary and secondary schools and SURFnet for the universities and colleges.

In this area there is a lot of dreaming and reality. Many of the school administrators dream of fabulous programs. At the session there was an official of a hotel college, who would love to have links ins and links outs to their own kitchen department in such a way that cooks could remotely teach more than one college, while students could observe the kitchen brigade and the cook at night. The official was realistic enough to recognise that broadband should be used all over in the college by the college management, the teachers and instructors and remotely by the colleagues of top restaurants. Of course the students would also use broadband; but they would do that all the same for their own fun; but they should also be taught how to collaborate with other students locally, nationally and internationally by working on assignments.

This model is okay and covers the natural column in the school. However it does not cover the entire trade column. In the hotel college, outside cooks are interesting as they can deliver apprenticeships and internships. Yet they will have to cover the whole value column and control the quality of delivered goods. But it is not only the value column of the hotels and restaurants; on the other hand the system would also have to make transparent what the student knows and does not know.

Cees Morsch, CEO of Case Builders, stresses that in education the students should be analysed for the gap between what they know and what they should know. The gap between education and business should be transparent, so that the students can learn oriented towards competencies and functions and apply blended learning. In this way the student should be prepared for the future. The system is being applied in an education learning environment in the South of the Netherlands. And, if we can believe Cees Morsch (from way-back CD-I experience I can vouch for him), the results are better than traditional classical teaching. The amount of drop-outs has decreased dramatically; there are still drop-outs, but their number has been dramatically lowered.

Blog Posting Number: 654

Tags: e-learning, broadband

Connected by broadband, slow in applications (2)

The mobile session was interesting. For more than 10 years we have had a lobby in the Netherlands which concerned itself with Telelabour (remote labour), the Telework Platform. The officials of this forum did their best to prove that working from home save time and money for companies and prevented traffic jams. Especially the prevention of traffic jams sounded to me like baloney. People get used to traffic jams and otherwise they would stay home or go earlier or later.

So it was a relief to hear another sound of people who declared the traffic jam argument for dead. Basically that told the attendees, that people in a traffic jam will stay in a traffic jam more by habit than anything else. In fact if those people get an incentive they will leave home earlier. The argument to work from home is not holy either anymore. Working from home can be great depending on the function. In many cases it is possible to work from home more than people think, but the management culture does not always agree on this. Managers like to see the people they lead and inspire. Remote management is still a skill to be acquired. I understand that IBM takes this task seriously and has manager mobility, providing conditions to remotely work.

It was refreshing to hear that telelabour was dead and that people are now part of the nomadic network. It does not matter where you are, but you can either establish contact by mobile or mobile internet or move off the road and go to a restaurant, where they have ADSL and Wifi facilities.

The Netherlands is a small country cluttered with cars in the morning hours of 8.30h till 9.30h and at night at 17.00h till 19.00h. The minimum amount of kilometres measured over a few points will be minimally 90 kilometres, but when there is an accident the kilometres clock up fast. So it might be wiser to stay at home and answer the e-mails before getting in the car. But if you are caught in a traffic jam, it might be wiser to get off the road, rent a private office space at a restaurant and work for a couple of hours till the jam is clear.

Do I believe in the concept. Do not ask me. I travel by public transport (train, buses and cabs). Most people think that this is a waste of time in comparison with travelling by car. But when I pass a traffic jam by train, I have a feeling that I am doing better. Of course car drivers get from door to door, if they find a parking space.

If only to disband the traffic jam nonsense of the Telework Platform, I think that the idea of nomadic networking in restaurants should be given a chance and tried out. It will take some adjusting of attitude by the managers. I understand that the leisure association in the Netherlands, Horecava, likes the idea and sees a business opportunity in a broadband application.

Blog Posting Number: 651

Tags: broadband, leisure industry

Connected by broadband, slow in applications (1)

The Netherlands is in the top league of broadband connections and is always competing with Danmark, Sweden or Iceland in Europe. Yet the broadband connections are great, but in applications the Dutch lag behind. In order to amend this caveat, there is an association, called Netherland Broadbandland (NBL). This association is a public-private partnership (PPP), which wants to stimulate broadband applications in business and industry as well as government. Citizens get what they want, but shops and companies still lag behind, while the connections are there.

In order to stimulate broadband in business and industry as well as in government, NBLC sets up projects in various sectors and organises meetings. On Wednesday there was such a meeting, The Meeting of Minds. With lectures, demonstrations and debates people from the various sectors started to show lead projects to each other and debate the lack of progress.

The formal part of Meeting of Minds was opened by Mr Willem Vermeend, a former assistant secretary of state for finance and a fervent game player, while the keynote address was given by Mr Mark Frequin, a secretary general at the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Mr Vermeend started with a teasing blow, informing Mr Frequin, that Sweden had just opened an embassy in Second Life; the first country to start a virtual embassy, while The Netherlands could only whistle for it. Mr Frequin told the audience that The Netherlands was working on.

The remark gave him the opportunity to make clear to the audience that the Dutch have indeed fine broadband connections; this has been possible thanks to SURFnet, the academic network, which also influences the private sector. But in applying the business opportunities the Dutch have been lacklustre; this while ICT has been the most important growth factor for the country. But in many business and industrial sectors broadband does not come about because the sectors are fragmented, especially in the sectors of retail, health care and government. So what is needed is an upscaling of the broadband applications in the sectors.

This where NBL comes in and starts to form coalitions between government, institutes, sector associations and companies. Since 2005 NBL has started activities in retail in automotive and the leisure industry, in education and in health care. NBL has also undertaken a project in mobility.

In the next days I will pay attention to mobility, leisure industry, education, health care and government.

Blog Posting Number: 651

Tags: broadband, e-health, e-learning, e-government, e-leisure